MARXISM

Marxism or communism was from Europe industry society context. The industrial revolution in Europe in the 19th century, created a social inequalities in society. This gap occurs between the bourgeoisie (capitalists) with the proletariat.

The capitalists collect money and benefit at the expense of proletarians (workers). The proletarians  conditions is very sad because they were forced to work long hours with minimum wage, while the results of their work is only enjoyed by the capitalists. Many proletarians must live in rural and slums areas. Looking at this situation, Karl Marx and Jorgen Hagerman criticized through a thought to change that situation.

Marxism is a theory to equate the social and economic status between proletarians and bourgeoisie. The essence of this theory is wishing a freedom as free as possible for proletariat that can be an intact human being.

The positive and negative impact will appear from this application of Marxism theory. The positive impact is an equality of social status, where the marginal opportunity (proletariat) to fulfill his living desire and human right will be exposed widely, be sides, an opportunity to improve the quality of living as well. But it will emerge a condition of society-centric materialist society.

Marxist Literary Theory

It is a form of critique or discourse for interrogating all societies and their text in terms of certain specific issues – including race, class, and the attitudes shared within a given culture.

Marxist literary theories tend to focus on the representation of class conflict as well as the reinforcement of class distinctions through the medium of literature.

The pioneers: Karl Heinrich Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)